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Default Gateway
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| In TCP/IP, the intermediate network device on the local network that has knowledge of the network IDs of the other networks in the Internet, so it can forward the packets to other gateways until they are delivered to the one connected to the specified destination. |
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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| A hierarchical naming system used for locating domain names on the Internet and on private TCP/IP networks. DNS provides a service for mapping DNS domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This allows users, computers, and applications to query the DNS to specify remote systems by fully qualified Internet domain names rather than by IP addresses. |
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Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
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| A network-layer Internet protocol that provides error correction and other information relevant to Internet Protocol (IP) packet processing, such as testing whether a particular computer is connected to the Internet (pinging) by sending a packet to its IP address and waiting for a response. For example, it can let the IP software on one machine inform another machine about an unreachable destination. |
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Internet domain name
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| The name used for hosting a site on the Internet. An Internet domain name is a combination of a second-level domain name (such as "Microsoft") and a top-level domain name (such as "com" or "net"), separated by a period. Before establishing a commerce site on the Internet, a business must first apply for and register a second-level domain name with an authorized Domain Name System (DNS) registration authority. This name must meet the requirements for external DNS naming, and must not already be registered or in use. To register the name, a business must obtain (or have an Internet Service Provider (ISP) obtain on its behalf) at least one Internet Protocol (IP) address valid for use on the Internet and the IP addresses of at least two currently active DNS servers on the Internet. Also called an Internet address, domain name, and URL. |
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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| A public provider of remote connections to the Internet. An ISP is a company that enables remote users to access the Internet by providing dial-up connections or installing leased lines. An ISP may host commerce sites for client companies, hosting several sites on a single server or server cluster. The ISP may provide the infrastructure and perform administration tasks common to all sites, while allowing clients to perform some site administration tasks from their remote computers. |
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Internet
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| A set of distinct computer networks joined together with gateways that handle data transfer and the conversion of messages from the sending network to the protocols used by the receiving networks. These networks and gateways use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols. |
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IP address (Internet Protocol address)
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| A 32-bit (4-byte) binary
number that uniquely identifies a host computer connected to the Internet
to other Internet hosts, for the purposes of communication through
the transfer of packets. An IP address is expressed in "dotted
quad" format, consisting of the decimal values of its four bytes,
separated with periods; for example, 127.0.0.1. In other words IP address is the numeric address of a computer, which is used to identify it on a network and to specify routing information. Each computer on the network must be assigned a unique IP address, which is made up of the network ID, plus a unique host ID assigned by the network administrator. |
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Modem
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| Modulator/demodulator. A communications device that enables a computer to transmit information over a standard telephone line. |
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MSS
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| The Maximum Segment Size (MSS) is the largest quantity of data that can be transmitted at a time. To avoid fragmentation, MSS must be equal to the MTU-IP header. Historically, the MSS for a host has been the MTU at the link layer minus 40 bytes for the IP and TCP headers. However, support for additional TCP options, such as timestamps, has increased the typical TCP+IP header to 52 or more bytes. |
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MTU
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| MTU is the Maximum Transmission Unit of a network. This is the greatest amount of data or "packet" size that can be transferred in one physical frame on a network. Fragmentation of packets occurs if a packet is sent across a network that has an MTU smaller than the packet's frame length. This leads to reduced performance levels as fragments need to be reassembled. |
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Network Adapter
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| An expansion card or other device used to connect a computer to a local area network (LAN). Also called a network card; network adapter card; adapter card; network interface card (NIC). |
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Packet INternet Groper (PING)
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| A command used to verify connections to one or more remote hosts. The ping command uses the ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply packets to determine whether a particular IP system on a network is functional (by sending a packet to its Internet Protocol (IP) address and waiting for a response). Ping is useful for diagnosing IP network or router failures. |
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Round Trip Time (RTT)
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| The amount of time necessary to complete a round trip from sender to receiver and back. |
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Receive Window Size (RWIN)
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| The TCP receive window size is the amount of receive data (in bytes) that can be buffered at one time on a connection. The sending host can send only that amount of data before waiting for an acknowledgment and window update from the receiving host. |
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Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
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| Identifies points of content on the Internet. The content can be a page of text, a video or sound clip, an image, or a program. The most common form of URI is the Web page address, also known as the Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URI usually includes the file name for the resource, the name of the computer the resource resides on, and the protocol used to access it. For example, http://www.syspeed.com/download.htm |
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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| The address of a file (resource) accessible on the Internet. The type of resource depends on the Internet application protocol. For example, for the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) used on the World Wide Web, the resource can be an HTML page, an image file, a program such as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) application or Java applet, or any other file supported by HTTP. The URL contains the name of the protocol required to access the resource, a domain name that identifies a specific computer on the Internet, and a hierarchical description of a file location on the computer. |